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Heart background
Medical Science

The Cardiovascular
System

The engine of life — exploring the heart, blood vessels,
and the circulatory network that sustains every cell in the human body.

100,000 Heartbeats / Day
60,000 Miles of Blood Vessels
5 L Blood Pumped / Min
01 — Introduction
02 — Anatomy

Heart
Anatomy

The heart is a muscular organ roughly the size of a fist, located slightly left of center in the chest. It beats approximately 60–100 times per minute, driving blood through the entire body.

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4 Chambers Right & Left Atria + Right & Left Ventricles
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4 Valves Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral, Aortic
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Cardiac Muscle Myocardium — involuntary, striated muscle tissue
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Electrical System SA Node → AV Node → Bundle of His → Purkinje Fibers
Heart anatomy diagram
Cross-sectional view of the human heart showing all four chambers and major vessels
Blood cells
03 — Circulation

Blood Circulation

Two interconnected circuits work in perfect synchrony to deliver oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products from every tissue in the body.

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Pulmonary Circuit

Deoxygenated blood travels from the right heart → lungs, where CO₂ is exchanged for O₂, then returns oxygenated to the left heart.

Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Left Atrium
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Systemic Circuit

Oxygenated blood travels from the left heart → entire body, delivering O₂ to all organs and tissues, then returns deoxygenated to the right heart.

Left Ventricle → Aorta → Body Tissues → Right Atrium
Arteries — carry blood away from heart
Veins — carry blood toward heart
Capillaries — microscopic exchange vessels
04 — Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases

CVD is the #1 cause of death globally, responsible for 17.9 million deaths per year (WHO, 2023). Understanding risk factors is the first step toward prevention.

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Coronary Artery Disease

Plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) narrows coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. Leading cause of heart attacks.

Most Common CVD
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Heart Failure

The heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Affects 64 million people worldwide.

64M Affected
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Stroke

Blocked or ruptured blood vessel in the brain. 2nd leading cause of death and major cause of disability globally.

2nd Leading Cause
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Hypertension

High blood pressure (≥130/80 mmHg) silently damages arteries and organs. Affects 1.28 billion adults worldwide.

1.28B Adults
Key Risk Factors: Smoking Obesity Diabetes High Cholesterol Physical Inactivity Stress Poor Diet
Healthy lifestyle
05 — Prevention

Heart Health &
Prevention

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Regular Exercise

150 min/week of moderate aerobic activity. Strengthens the heart muscle and lowers blood pressure.

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Heart-Healthy Diet

Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats (omega-3).

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Quit Smoking

Smoking doubles the risk of heart disease. Quitting reduces risk by 50% within just one year.

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Quality Sleep

7–9 hours per night. Poor sleep is linked to hypertension, obesity, and increased CVD risk.

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Stress Management

Chronic stress raises cortisol and blood pressure. Mindfulness, yoga, and social connection help.

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Regular Check-ups

Monitor blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. Early detection saves lives.

"The greatest wealth is health." — Virgil